Etude de la variation de l'épaisseur centrale de la cornée au cours d'une hyperglycémie de novo / Study of the variation of the central thickness of the horn during de novo hyperglycemia

Introduction : L'épaisseur centrale de la cornée peut être modifiée au cours d'une hyperglycémie chronique. En dehors d'une hyperglycémie chronique, nous pensons que les modifications de l'épaisseur cornéenne surviennent également lors des hyperglycémies de novo.Objectif: Déterminer la variation de l'épaisseur centrale de la cornée au cours d'une hyperglycémie de novo.Patients et Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude observationnelle et transversale à visée analytique réalisée de juillet à novembre 2021, auprès de 222 personnes (444 yeux) présentant une hyperglycémie récente. L'ECC a été comparée entre le moment du diagnostic (J0) et 30 jours (J30) après l'initiation du traitement hypoglycémiant (Chi-2). La variation de l'ECC entre J0 et J30 a été corrélée à celle de la glycémie (Spearman ; p<0,05).Résultats : A J0, la moyenne de l'ECC était de 552,5±39,2 µm contre 538,0±34,2 µm à J30 (p=0,001) et celle de la glycémie de 18,1±8,2 mmo/L contre 6,9±3,0 mmol/L (p = 0,001). A J0, 57,0% avaient une ECC > 550µm et à J30, 19,4% avaient diminué cette épaisseur entre 520 et 550 µm et 3,4% à moins de 520 µm. Sur un effectif de 444 yeux, 28,2% (n = 125) ont diminué leur ECC de 25 µm et plus après initiation du traitement hypoglycémiant. Aucune corrélation n'existait entre la variation de l'ECC et celle de la glycémie (r=0,018; p=0,704).Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent qu'il existe une variation de l'ECC en cas de déséquilibre glycémique récent

Introduction : The central thickness of the cornea can be changed during chronic hyperglycemia. Apart from chronic hyperglycemia, we believe that changes in corneal thickness also occur during de novo hyperglycemia.Objective: To determine the variation in the central thickness of the cornea during de novo hyperglycemia.Patients and Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional analytical study conducted from July to November 2021, involving 222 people (444 eyes) with recent hyperglycemia. ECC was compared between the time of diagnosis (D0) and 30 days (Day 30) after initiation of hypoglycemic (Chi-2) therapy. The change in ECC between J0 and J30 was correlated with that of blood glucose (Spearman ; p<0,05).Results: ON D0, the mean ECC was 552.5±39.2 µm versus 538.0± 34.2 µm on D30 ( p=0.001) and the blood glucose mean was 18.1±8.2 mmo/l versus 6.9±3.0 mmol/l ( p=0.001). On D0, 57.0% had an ECC ˃ 550µm and on D30, 19.4% had decreased this thickness between 520 and 550 µm and 3.4% to less than 520 µm. On a population of 444 eyes, 28.2% ( n=125) decreased their ECC by 25 µm and more after initiation of hypoglycemic therapy. There was no correlation between the change in ECC and the change in blood glucose (r=0.018; p=0.704).Conclusion : These results show that there is a variation in ECC in case of recent glycemic imbalance

Evaluation of cytogenotoxicity, antioxidant and hypoglycemiant activities of isolate compounds from Mansoa hirsuta D.C. (Bignoniaceae)

ABSTRACT Mansoa hirsuta (Bignoniaceae) is a native plant from caatinga in Brazilian semiarid. This plant has been locally used as antimicrobial and hypoglycemiant agents, but their action mechanisms and toxicity remain largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and antioxidant, cytoprotective and hypoglycemiant effects of raw extract, fractions and compounds from leaves of M. hirsuta. The cytogenotoxic effects of ursolic and oleanolic acids, the main phytotherapic components of this plant, were assessed. The raw extract and fractions presented steroids, saponins, flavonols, flavanonols, flavanones, xanthones, phenols, tannins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited efficiently the cascade of lipid peroxidation while the hydroalcoholic fraction was richer in total phenols and more efficient in capturing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (·DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+) radicals. The isolated fraction of M. hirsuta also inhibited the α-amylase activity. Cytotoxic effects were absent in both raw extract and fractions while ursolic+oleanolic acids were efficient in protecting cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, this mixture of acid shad no significant interference on the mitotic index and frequency of nuclear and/or chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa test. Therefore, M. hirsuta represents a potential source of phytochemicals against inflammatory and oxidative pathologies, including diabetes.

Atividades antiúlcera e antioxidante Baccharis trimera (Less) DC (Asteraceae) / Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Baccharis trimera (Less) DC (Asteraceae)

A "carqueja", Baccharis trimera (Less) DC (Asteraceae), é uma espécie vegetal característica de regiões tropicais, muito utilizada na medicina popular como antiinflamatória, hipoglicemiante e em tratamento de problemas digestivos. A avaliação da atividade antiúlcera do extrato bruto liofilizado e do extrato liofilizado da "resina" (porção que durante a concentração dos extratos ficava depositada no fundo do recipiente com aspecto viscoso e pegajoso) foi realizada através de indução aguda por etanol acidificado. O extrato bruto liofilizado, na dose de 400 mg/ kg, reduziu a área de lesão em 90 por cento, 200 mg/kg, 87 por cento, 100 mg/kg, 66 por cento e o fármaco controle (lansoprazol), 66 por cento. O extrato liofilizado da "resina", administrado na dose de 400 mg/kg, reduziu a área de lesão em 82 por cento, 200 mg/kg, 82 por cento, 100 mg/kg, 53 por cento e o fármaco controle (lansoprazol), 70 por cento. A atividade antioxidante foi ensaiada com extrato bruto liofilizado, extrato liofilizado da "resina", pó da droga e frações clorofórmica, acetato de etila, etanol e etanol 50 por cento através do método que reduz o radical 2,2'-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH), permitindo após o equilíbrio da reação, calcular a quantidade de antioxidante gasta para reduzir 50 por cento do DPPH, apresentando resultado evidente, comparado à vitamina E. Não foram verificados sinais de alteração aparente no ensaio de toxicidade na dose única de 5g/kg, em camundongos.

Baccharis trimera (Less) DC (Asteraceae) is a medicinal Brazilian plant well-known by "carqueja". Natural from tropical regions, used as home-made medicine as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemiant and for the treatment of digestive problems. The evaluation of the antiulcer activity of the extract and the "resin" (portion which during the extracts concentration was settled at the bottom of the recipient, showing a viscous and clammy aspect), was accomplished through the acute induction by acidified ethanol. The lyophilized extract, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, reduced the lesion area at 90 percent; 200 mg/kg, at 87 percent; 100 mg/kg, at 66 percent; and the control (lansoprazol) at 66 percent. The "resin" administered at the 400 mg/kg dose reduced the lesion area at 82 percent; 200 mg/kg, at 82 percent, 100 mg/kg, at 53 percent and the control (lansoprazol), at 70 percent. The antioxidant activity of the lyophilized extract, of the "resin" of the powdered drug, of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and 50 percent ethanol fractions was tested following the method which reduces the 2,2-dipheny l-1 -picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, permitting after the reaction balance, to calculate the amount of antioxidant spent to reduce 50 percent of the DPPH. The result was meaningful, when compared with the vitamin E result. The acute toxicity test performed in mice showed no apparent alteration.